Safety and Immunogenicity of Coronavac and Chadox1 Vaccines against Sars-Cov-2 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Brazilian Multicentric Study

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Method(s): These data are from the 'SAFER (Safety and Efficacy on COVID-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Diseases)' study, a Brazilian multicentric longitudinal phase IV study to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine in immunomediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs). Adverse events (AEs) in patients with RA were assessed after two doses of ChAdOx1 or CoronaVac. Stratification of postvaccination AEs was performed using a diary, filled out daily. The titers of neutralizing antibodies against the receptor-biding domain of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-RBD) were measured by chemilumine scence test after each dose of immunizers. Proportions between groups were compared using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) before and after vaccination was assessed using the McNemar test. Result(s): A total of 188 patients with RA were included in the study, most of them were female. CoronaVac was used in 109 patients and ChAdOx1 in 79. Only mild AEs were observed. The more common AEs after the first dose were pain at injection site (46,7%), headache (39,4%), arthralgia (39,4%) and myalgia (30,5%), and ChAdOx1 had a higher frequency of pain at the injection site (66% vs 32 %, p alpha 0.001) arthralgia (62% vs 22%, p alpha 0.001) and myalgia (45% vs 20%, p alpha 0.001) compared to CoronaVac. The more common AEs after the second dose were pain at the injection site (37%), arthralgia (31%), myalgia (23%) and headache (21%). Arthralgia (41,42 % vs 25 %, p = 0.02) and pain at injection site (51,43% vs 27%, p = 0.001) were more common with ChAdOx1. No patients had a flare after vaccination. The titers of anti-RBDafter two doses of ChAdOx1 were higher compared to two doses of CoronaVac (6,03 BAU/mL vs 4,67 BAU/mL, p alpha 0,001). Conclusion(s): The frequency of local adverse effects, particularly pain at injection site, was high. AEs were more frequent with ChAdOx1, especially after the first dose. The use of the immunizers dis not change the degree of inflammatory activity of the disease. In patients with RA, ChAdOx1 was more immunogenic than CoronaVac. .

Safety and Efficacy of Covid-19 Immunization in Systemic Vasculitides - a Multicentric Cohort

Objectives: Patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs) develop more severe outcomes of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent studies have contributed to understand the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in IMRDs, suggesting that different diseases and therapies may interfere on immunization efficacy. In this study we analyze the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with Systemic Vasculitides (VASC), the rate of COVID-19 and the frequency of disease relapse following immunization. Method(s): We included patients with VASC (n = 73), a subgroup of the SAFER study (Safety and Efficacy on COVID-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Disease), a longitudinal, multicenter, Brazilian cohort.We analyzed the geometric means of IgG antibody against receptor-biding domain of protein spike of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-RBD) after two shots of CoronaVac (Inactivated vaccine), ChadOx-1 (AstraZeneca) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). IgG anti-RBD was measured by chemiluminescence test. We assessed new-onset COVID-19 episodes, adverse events (AE) and disease activity for each VASC. Result(s): The sample included Behcet's disease (BD) (n = 41), Takayasu arteritis (TAK) (n = 15), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) (n = 14), polyarteritis nodosa (n = 7) and other small vessel VASC(n = 6). The majority of patients were female (69%) without comorbidities (49%) and a median age of 37 years. The most common medication was conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, followed by biologic drugs. No patient received rituximab at baseline. Most patients received CoronaVac (n = 25) or ChadOx-1 (n = 36), while four received BNT162b2. Baseline IgG-RBD means were 1.34 BAU/mL. They increased to 3.89 and 5.29 BAU/mL after the 1st and 2nd vaccine dose, respectively. ChadOx-1 had higher antibody titers than CoronaVac (p = 0.002). There were no differences between different VASC. There were 3 cases of COVID-19 after immunization with CoronaVac. BD patients had a tendency for more cutaneous-articular activity following ChadOx-1. There were no severe relapses and no serious adverse events. Conclusion(s): Our results show the safety of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in VASC population. A progressive increase of IgG-RBD antibodies was observed after each dose. ChadOx-1 led to higher IgG-RBDgeometricmeans compared toCoronaVac. Finally, even though ChadOx-1 presented a tendency of triggering mild disease activity, there were no significant disease activity following vaccination in VASC patients. .

Safety of the Vaccine against Sars-Cov-2 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Data from the Safer Study

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which presents infections as one of the most frequent complications, including more severe outcomes of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunization of these patients has been strongly recommended, however, data on safety are still scarce. In this study we evaluate the safety after vaccination against SARS-CoV2 in patients with SLE. Method(s): Safety and Efficacy on COVID-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Disease - the 'SAFER' study, is a longitudinal Brazilian multicenter phase IV study. In this study patients with SLE (according to the 2019 ACR/EULAR criteria), older than 18 years who received vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac (Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine), ChadOx-1 (AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) were included. The evaluation of adverse events (AEs) was done by telephone contact, symptom diaries and a face-to-face visit on the 28th day after each dose. Patients were followed up also by disease activity, assessed using SLEDAI-2 K score. Result(s): A total of 367 individuals with SLE were included, 207 received CoronaVac, 128 received ChadOx-1 and 32 received BNT162b2. Ninety percent of the subjects were female with a mean age of 37 years. About 50% (182) of patients were using oral glucocorticoids and azathioprine was the most frequent immunosuppressive therapy. Regarding disease activity parameters, 38%(140) of patients had zero SLEDAI-2Kat baseline and 41%(147) had zero SLEDAI-2 K 28 days after the 2nd dose. After the first and second dose the most frequent AEs were pain at injection site (58%/44%), headache (48%/33%) and pruritus (42%/37%). Comparing the three vaccines, after the first dose, local symptoms, myalgia, and fever were less frequent in patients who received CoronaVac (p alpha 0.001) as well as headache, tiredness (p = 0.001) and arthralgia (p = 0.003). After the second dose, only local symptoms such as pain at the application site and thickening of the skin around the application site were less frequent in the CoronaVac group (p alpha 0.05). Headache, tiredness, musculoskeletal symptoms and fever were more common in patients receiving AstraZeneca. No serious adverse events were reported regardless of the vaccination schedule used. Conclusion(s): This study suggests that vaccines against SARS-COV-2 are safe in SLE patients. Neither severe AEs were reported nor worsening of disease activity were reported. Comparing the different vaccines, CoronaVac had fewer adverse events.

Impact of Glucocorticoid on Immunogenicity among Covid-19 Vaccines in Immune-Mediated Diseases

Objectives: The use of glucocorticoids (GC) has been associated with increased risk of hospitalization for coronavirus infection and reduced immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in immune-mediated diseases (IMD) patients. However, there is still controversy of which dose of GC is correlated with impaired vaccine response on each of the diverse COVID-19 vaccines available, as well as the possible influence of other concurrent immunosuppressants. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of GC on serological response after two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), CoronaVac (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine) and ChadOx1 (AstraZeneca) and after the booster dose in patients with IMD. Method(s): The data were extracted from a multicenter longitudinal observational Brazilian cohort (SAFER: Safety and Efficacy on COVID19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Disease). Patients >18 years of age with IMD were evaluated after 2 doses of the same vaccine against COVID-19 and after a booster vaccine, applied according to Brazilian National Immunization Program. All patients underwent clinical examination and collected blood samples for immunogenicity tests. Serological response was evaluated by Anti-RBD titers (IgG) at baseline and 4 weeks after each vaccine dose. Result(s): Among the 1009 patients evaluated, 301 were using GC (196/401 SLE, 52/199 RA and 27/74 vasculitis). Patients using GC were younger (38.2 vs 40,8 years, p = 0,002), had higherBMI (27,6 vs 26,4 p = 0,008), higher prevalence of kidney disease (3,3% vs 0,5%, p = 0,001) and of thrombosis (11,6% vs 5,9%, p = 0,002) than non-users. Regarding the type of vaccine, most of the GC users received CoronaVac (61.7%), while only 31.9%of non-users received this vaccine (p alpha 0.001). Although there were similar rates of pre-vaccination infections among them, patients with GC tended to have a higher incidence of confirmed COVID-19 infection after the 2nd dose of the vaccine compared to non-users (4.5% vs 2.0% p = 0.054). The antibody titers after the 1st dose of COVID-19 vaccines were similar between groups, but there was a worse response in the GC group after the 2nd dose (p = 0.039). However, this difference was not statistically significant after the 3rd dose (Figure). Conclusion(s): GC use may compromise vaccine-induced immunogenicity after a 2-dose regimen;however, this effect does not remain significant after the booster dose. Multivariate analysis is still pending to assess the potential difference in the impact of GC on the immune response depending on GC dose, type of vaccine and associated drugs.

Evaluation of Homologous and Heterologous Vaccine against Sars-Cov-2 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Data from Safer Study

Objectives: To evaluate the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1, Coronavac and BNT162B2 vaccines in SLE patients, including homologous and heterologous immunizations. Method(s): The 'Safety and efficacy on COVID-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Disease-SAFER study' is a Brazilian multicentric longitudinal phase IV study to evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) in real life, started on May 2021. SLE patients (according to the 2012 SLICC classification criteria), older than 18 years of age were recruited after 2 or 3 doses of vaccine against COVID-19 (ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac) and were evaluated at baseline and on the 28th day after each dose. Homologous immunization was considered if they received three doses of the same vaccine and heterologous if a different one was applied. IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain were measured by chemiluminescence (SARS-CoV-2-IgG-II Quant assay, Abbott-Laboratories) at baseline and 28 days after the first, 2nd and 3rd doses (Seropositivity IgGSpike>= 7.1BAU/mL). Statistical analysis: ANOVA and pairwise comparisons tests Results: 316 SLE patients were included (255 heterologous and 61 homologous immunization), 89.2% were female and the mean age was 37.6 +/- 11.2 years. The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographical data, disease activity and immunosuppressive treatment. 49.7% used corticosteroids (alpha 5 mg/day in 52.3%), 83.5% antimalarials, 22.8% azathioprine and 20.3% mycophenolate mofetil. 207 patients received the first two doses with CoronaVac, 128 ChadOx-1 and 32 BNT162b2. Regarding the first two doses of the same vaccine, there was no difference in IgG titers over time between CoronaVac or ChadOx-1 (p = 0.313). IgG titers increased in all vaccine groups, with difference only after 2nd dose: 4.96 +/- 1.71BAU/mL CoronaVac vs. 6.00 +/- 1.99BAU/mL ChadOx-1 vs. 7.31 +/- 1.49BAU/mL BNT162b2 (p alpha 0.001). There was no difference in IgG titers over time between homologous or heterologous vaccine schedule (p = 0.872). IgG titers also increased in all groups, with difference only after 2nd dose: 5.49 +/- 1.96BAU/mL heterologous vs. 6.30 +/- 2.10BAU/mL homologous (p = 0.009). Conclusion(s): Induction of immunogenicity occurred in different vaccine regimens in SLE patients. Future research to explore different heterologous schemes in IMRD must be performed.

Exposure to air pollution and hospitalization due to COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, Brazil.

The association between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases is well known. This study aimed to identify the association between this exposure and hospitalizations for COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, SP, a medium-sized city, between April 2020 and April 2021. Hospitalization data, concerning code B34.2, was supplied by DATASUS, and data concerning pollutants and climate variables were supplied by CETESB. Cases were quantified by sex, age, length of hospital stay in days, and type of discharge, whether hospital discharge or death. The negative binomial regression model was chosen. Estimates were produced for the relative risk (RR) of significant exposure to pollutants (P≤0.05) with a 10 µg/m3 increase of pollutant, as well as for excess hospitalizations. There were 1873 hospitalizations, with a daily average of 4.7 (±3.8), ranging from zero to 21: 716 deaths (38.2%) were recorded, 1065 admissions were men, and women were less susceptible (OR=0.82). The average age of women was higher than that of men; in cases of death, men were older than women; discharged patients were younger. All the above variables were significant. The risk of ozone exposure was higher and more significant in Lag 2, and the risk of nitrogen dioxide exposure was high in Lag 3, which was the period of the highest increase in hospitalizations, at 11.3%. The findings of this study, the first conducted in Brazil, corroborate the results of studies conducted in other centers.

A guide to reading strategies for the hypermodal text in the foreign language: focus on hypermodality and affect)

Today's changes and challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic added to the need for work on language and the use of technologies, mainly on hypermodal text reading, demand studies that focus on Digital Literacy. In this context, this work proposes a guide of strategies to read hypermodal text in a foreign language (FL) considering hypermodality and affect. To accomplish this, a conception of social-interactional reading is adopted, which understands that the reading process occurs through the interaction between the text and the reader within a social practice that considers the construction of meanings based on socio-historicalideological and cultural factors. Still, in the theoretical scope, the research is based on Lemke's (2002, 2010) and Selber (2004) studies on Multiliteracies related to technologies. To develop the hypermodal text reading strategies guide, the present work is based on the following theories: the Principles of Presentation, Orientation and Organization proposed by Lemke (2002);the Theory of the Neural Mechanism of Affect developed by Schumann (1997) and the Intersemiotic Coherence Analysis Model, reformulated by Gomes (2019). The guide provides theoretical and practical support for reading the hypermodal text in a foreign language, as it can help learners read the hypermodal text in FL and FL teachers in their educational practices.

Evaluation of medical student's sleep quality in covid-19 pandemic

Introduction: Sleep quality is influenced by several aspects, including factors related to the environment as well as psychological causes. In this context, the pandemic caused by the new SARS-Cov2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) had a large influence on the population's mental health, increasing levels of anxiety and stress, consequently reflected on the sleep quality. This is so also true for medical students;as a result of the scenario generated by the pandemic, in-person classes were replaced by distance education, which, added to the chaotic situation of fear, anxiety, frustration and social isolation, is interfering negatively in students' lives, and in their sleep. Objective: To analyze the sleep quality of medical students at a medical school in the interior of São Paulo state during the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a crosssectional study that invited 544 students from De six years of the course, from a medical school in the interior of the state of São Paulo, to answer the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a questionnaire on aspects that may influence sleep. The REDCap platform was used to send, via email, the link to the questionnaires, which were available from September 28th to October 5th, 2020. Results: Of the 544 students invited, 375 answered the questionnaires. The mean score of PSQI was 8.63 (SD=3.16), with 82.4% (309 out of 375) of students having a poor sleep quality (PSQI>5). We observed an association between the quality of sleep given by the PSQI and the student's perception of anxiety (P<0.001), stress (P<0.001) and adaptation to distance education (P<0.001). The results for the seven components of the PSQI were analyzed for three study groups (1-2-year student, 3-4-year student and 5-6-year student) and associations were observed between the three studied groups and sleep duration, with students in the last two years sleeping less (<5/5-6h) than the remaining students, and with daytime dysfunction, with students in the first two years showing the highest percentage (75.5%). Conclusion: Sleep quality is poor in medical students, being associated with student's perception of anxiety, stress and difficulties in adapting to distance education. Active interventions should be implemented to improve sleep hygiene in medical students.

ENDOCARDITE POR BARTONELLA HENSELAE: EXPERIÊNCIA INVESTIGATIVA DE ENDOCARDITE DE HEMOCULTURAS NEGATIVAS DE UM TIME DE ENDOCARDITE INFECCIOSA NO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Introdução e objetivos: A incidência de Endocardite Infecciosa comunitária associada a hemoculturas negativas (EICAHN) varia de 5 a 78%. Há poucos relatos da incidência de endocardite infecciosa associada a Bartonella spp. (EIAB) no Brasil. Nesse estudo avaliaremos a incidência de endocardite (EI) por Bartonella spp. na série de 119 pacientes no Rio de Janeiro. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal, prospectivo, de 2009 a 2021, inclusos 119 pacientes com EI em hospital universitário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os testes sorológicos e moleculares para Bartonella spp. foram realizados no laboratório de referência e resultados positivos de acordo com a literatura. Análise dos dados foi realizada no Stata Statistical Software. Resultados: A incidência de EIAB nesta série foi de 1,6%. Comparando os dados EICAHN (N=17) com o grupo EI comunitária com hemoculturas positivas (N = 35), 14,2% foi classificada com EICAHN. Um paciente (P1) com EIAB residia com dois cachorros e outra paciente (P2) com dois gatos. Ambos com evidência epidemiológica e laboratorial de infecção por Bartonella após visita do grupo One Health. No grupo de EIAB, o principal fator de risco foi a febre reumática (p = 0,031). A EI aórtica foi mais incidente na EICAHN (p = 0,001). Os dois casos de EIAB foram diagnosticados no ano da pandemia de COVID-19. O P1, homem branco de 47 anos, após investigação de síndrome febril e IC de evolução de três meses, foi submetido à cirurgia de troca valvar mitro-aórtica, onde foi observada vegetação valvar. Amostra de sangue submetida à imunofluorescência indireta para anticorpos anti-Bartonella, sendo reagente. A PCR sérica para Bartonella foi negativa, porém houve detecção de DNA para B. henseale na valva. Seus cachorros foram testados e em um deste houve detecção de anticorpos anti-Bartonella spp. no sangue. A P2, mulher branca, 62 anos, com prótese mitral biológica disfuncionante, internada para investigação de síndrome consumptiva há 8 meses, com insuficiência renal e anemia na ausência de febre. A pesquisa de anticorpos IgG Anti-Bartonella spp. no sangue foi positiva, assim como nos gatos que residiam com a mesma. O diagnóstico de EI se deu pelos critérios de Duke modificados. Conclusão: A incidência de EIB nesta série de 119 paciente do time de EI do Rio de Janeiro foi 1,6. Maior acometimento de EIAB foi na valva aórtica e o principal fator de risco a febre reumática. Abordagem One Health contribui em 2020 para o diagnóstico endocardite por B. henselae.

WORKING IN DISTRIBUTED TEAMS AND THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Highlights: Working in distributed teams means that it does not take location into consideration and uses modern communication and computer technology. In terms of managerial implications, the impact of perceived proximity can add value to telecommuting in distributed teams. Distributed teams (or remote teams) are those in which the members are geographically dispersed. Some of the conflicts presented may be generated by the remoteness of the team from the project they are working on. Aim: Analyze the work in distributed teams through the use of information and communication technologies in companies from different sectors. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this article, literature and field research were used, and the approach used was qualitative. The field research was based on the method of multiple case studies in sectors such as education, technology, beverages, and industrial and medical gases, with respondents from higher education backgrounds. In addition, non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews aided by a script of questions (open and closed), and non-probabilistic sampling techniques were used. Results: The results indicate challenges such as language, time zone, culture, commitment, graduation, and trust. There was no concentration on any of the challenges, but language was the only challenge mentioned twice by the respondents. Research limitations: The main limitation of the research in terms of method and results was the number of companies investigated. Practical Implications: The identification of work conflicts in distributed teams and the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in reducing them. Originality/value: With the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers start their studies in distributed teamwork, but the theme has been discussed for a long time. The research was done in different sectors, with the analysis of a Brazilian perspective of the existing problems among Brazilian workers and between these and other collaborators abroad was not identified.

Infection by sars-cov-2 in hematologic patients: An unicentric retrospective study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed several constrains in the medical practice, especially in hematologic patients (pts) where a higher mortality rate is expected. In our center strict measures were implemented earlier, with the use of personal protective equipment, hand wash at all times, internal separated circuits, frequent prophylactic tests, teleconsultation and rapid isolation of positive cases. However, data is still limited and risk factors for increased susceptibility remain unclear. Aims: Characterize our pts with COVID-19 regarding the type of hematologic disease, the respective treatment, infection severity and identification of any possible risk factors that may have impact in the outcome. Methods: Pts with a positive quantitative RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab between 18/03/2020 and 02/02/2021 were identified. Epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney-U tests were performed to identify statistical differences between groups and logistic binary regression to assess predictive risk factors. Severity of illness was defined by level of care [ambulatory, general inpatient wards and intensive care unit (ICU)], need for respiratory support, incidence of thrombotic events, acute kidney injury and/or death. Active hematologic treatment was defined as therapy within 6 months of COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: A total of 81 pts were identified, with a median age of 61 years (19-88), 52% were male, 63% had an ECOG PS 0 and 69% had at least one comorbidity (hypertension 36%, dyslipidemia 21%, cardiovascular disease 21%, diabetes mellitus 14% and pulmonary disease 11%). Regarding the hematologic disease, 83% had a neoplastic malignancy (non-Hodgkin lymphoma 30%, myeloproliferative neoplasms 16%, acute myeloid leukemia 11% and multiple myeloma 11%), 64% were in active treatment and 43% had active disease. Concerning the COVID-19 infection, 46% required hospital admission among which 65% needed respiratory support and 9% admitted to an ICU. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached (84% at 1 month) and the mortality rate was 17%, mainly in pts with active disease and neoplastic malignancy. Non-survival pts had a lower hemoglobin level (8,3g/dL vs 12g/dL;p-value 0,016), a higher CRP (218mg/L vs 22mg/L;p-value 0,041), acute renal failure (36% vs 6%;p-value 0,014), more need of respiratory support (71% vs 27%;p-value 0,004) and mechanical ventilation (21% vs 5%;p-value 0,022). There were no statistical differences regarding age, absolute lymphocyte count, platelet count and LDH. Regression analysis revealed hemoglobin level (p-value 0,026), CRP (p-value 0,05) and respiratory support (p-value 0,003) as predictive factors for death. In our pts there were no thrombotic events. Summary/Conclusion: Nearly half of the pts were admitted to the hospital and discharged. In our analysis low hemoglobin level, high CRP and respiratory support were associated with poorer survival, however, given our small sample, these findings need to be confirmed. Contrary to most of the published results, the number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases was surprisingly low, with only 81 cases in 11 months, with a mortality rate similar to the general population and lower than expected. We believe that implementing early and rigorous protective measures as well as create self-awareness may be the key to improve mortality rate in this highly susceptible population.

Faces, Affections and Intentionality: Semiolinguistic Analysis of Pandemic Brands

In this article, we propose the analysis of verb-visual texts - a newspaper cover story and an advertisement disclosed in magazines - which have in common marked female faces, to some extent, by evidence of the covid-19 pandemic. This analysis aims to highlight discursive resources that imply ideas, emotions and intentionalities in accordance, above all, with the sociodiscursive imaginary shared by the interactants of the exchange provided by those texts, in order to contribute with a theoretical-analytical basis for the elaboration of activities of interpretation focused on "Media Education" proposed by the National Common Basis. Based on the Semiolinguistic Theory of Discourse Analysis in liaison with other studies, the concepts of image as a sign, image -symptom and intericonicity will be initially explored. After that, taking the texts under analysis more specifically, the construction of the ethos and the controversial target in discursivization will be observed.